A Modeling Approach for – Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizers Allowing Straightforward Noise Analysis
نویسندگان
چکیده
A general model of phase-locked loops (PLLs) is derived which incorporates the influence of divide value variations. The proposed model allows straightforward noise and dynamic analyses of – fractionalfrequency synthesizers and other PLL applications in which the divide value is varied in time. Based on the derived model, a general parameterization is presented that further simplifies noise calculations. The framework is used to analyze the noise performance of a custom – synthesizer implemented in a 0.6m CMOS process, and accurately predicts the measured phase noise to within 3 dB over the entire frequency offset range spanning 25 kHz to 10 MHz.
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